Media: Lighting ***####*****####***** <(lights)

Rim

Rim lighting is similar to backlighting, where the subject is lit from behind causing the facial features of the profile to be highlighted.

Key

The key light is one of the most important lights that a cameraman uses. It's main function to highlight the main object. It is usually included within a 3-point setup, which also includes a back light and one more light to focus on the subject. 

High Key

High key lighting reduces the amount of contrast because of the such strong lighting. This creates a happy, joyful impression in the picture or film. 

Chiaroscuro

This means there is a high contrast between light and dark in the picture. It is used to create depth and volume

Back

The light is placed behind the subject to illuminate it, creating a silhouette effect, or to create separation of the subject and background, or to create depth between characters of objects.   

Fill lighting

Fill lighting is the secondary source of light in filmmaking. The job of fill lighting is to fill in the shadows and reduce the harshness of the key light, it is not as bright as the key light. Fill lighting is often placed at a different height than the key light. It is usually positioned slightly lower than the key light so it shines upward on the subject.

Theorists

Todorov
Todorov developed 5 generic stages he believed would be found in a narrative
 These stages are;
1. A state of equilibrium at the beginning
2. Adisruption of this equilibrium by some action
3. A realisation that there has been a disruption
4. An attempt to repair this disruption
5. A restoration of the initial equilibrium

ProppPropp developed a theory that characters in a story take on single or multiple specific roles of narrative functions or'spheres of action'. The character roles create the narrative of the story. Propp designed 7 character types found in a narrative, the Hero , the Villain, the Donor, the Helper, the Princess, the Dispatcher and the False Hero.

Levi-StraussLevi-Strauss  believed in sets of opposite values which reveal the structure of media texts. For example, Good & Evil, , Dark & Light, Old & Young, Earth & Space and so forth. He was not interested in the order of events. Themes contain a variety of binary oppositions, such as sci-fi films may contain Earth & Space as well as Good & Evil and Humans & Aliens, etc.


Barthes
Barthes designed 5 codes which he beleived were beneathe any narrative.
These 5 codes are as follows:
1. Enigma Code - Something the audience does not know.
2. Action Code - Something the audience knows and don't need explaining.
3. Semic Code - Using hints to connote certain concepts such as wealth.
4.Symbolic Code - A structure which organizes meaning such as through the use of binary opposites.
5. Referential Code - Looks at the audiences wider cultural knowledge, morality and ideology.

Evaluation Part 1